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<title>Tock (operating system)</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tock (operating system)</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #e0e0e0;">Tock OS</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Amit Levy and the Tock community</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programming_language" title="Programming language">Written in</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Rust_(programming_language)" title="Rust (programming language)">Rust</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">OS family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Embedded_operating_system" title="Embedded operating system">Embedded operating system</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Working state</th><td class="infobox-data">Current</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Source model</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">Open source</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">February 13, 2018<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2018-02-13</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Latest release</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2.1.1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

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</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/tock/tock">github<wbr>.com<wbr>/tock<wbr>/tock</a></span> </li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Marketing target</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">Embedded systems</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Supported platforms</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="ARM_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM architecture">ARM</a>, <a href="RISC-V" title="RISC-V">RISC-V</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">Kernel</a> type</th><td class="infobox-data">Microkernel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT License</a>, <a href="Apache_License" title="Apache License">Apache Software License 2.0</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tockos.org/">www<wbr>.tockos<wbr>.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Tock</b> is a free and open source <a href="Embedded_operating_system" title="Embedded operating system">embedded operating system</a> for <a href="Microcontroller" title="Microcontroller">microcontrollers</a> written in <a href="Rust_(programming_language)" title="Rust (programming language)">Rust</a>. The operating system's goal is to isolate components so untrusted third-party applications can run on <a href="Cortex-M" class="mw-redirect" title="Cortex-M">Cortex-M</a>, <a href="RISC-V" title="RISC-V">RISC-V</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-r019_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r019-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="X86" title="X86">x86</a><sup id="cite_ref-x86_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-x86-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> processors in a protected environment.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>Amit Levy, a PhD student at <a href="Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, began the Tock project to have a security-focused replacement for the <a href="TinyOS" title="TinyOS">TinyOS</a> operating system. Amit became interested in researching <a href="IoT" class="mw-redirect" title="IoT">IoT</a> low-power computers when he decided to build a smart door lock after bicycles were stolen from him and his roommates due to not locking their front door.<sup id="cite_ref-s228_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s228-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2></div>

<p>The Tock kernel is written in the <a href="Rust_(programming_language)" title="Rust (programming language)">Rust</a> language. The kernel relies on Rust's <a href="Memory_safety" title="Memory safety">memory safety</a> and <a href="Type_safety" title="Type safety">type safety</a> to isolate parts of the kernel from one another. This isolation makes it easier to write secure extensions to the operating system, as one component cannot modify the memory of another.

</p><p>The system uses a process abstraction that provides complete isolation of memory and CPU resources between applications and the kernel. This allows Tock applications to be written in any language.<sup id="cite_ref-w844_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w844-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The Tock kernel does not have a shared <a href="Heap_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Heap memory">heap</a> and so does not support dynamic memory allocation within the kernel. All kernel memory is <a href="Static_variable" title="Static variable">statically allocated</a>. Application processes can dynamically allocate from their own memory.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>When device memory is statically allocated, kernel software for managing shared abstraction like <a href="Radio_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio interface">radio interfaces</a> must make a static decision about the number of requests it will support. Tock allows kernel components to maintain state for dynamic process requests to kernel services using a mechanism called a grant. Each process has a region of its memory called the grant region, which only the Tock kernel can access. Using the grant region, the kernel can dynamically allocate memory from process memory.<sup id="cite_ref-design_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-design-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Tock supports the following features, which can sometimes be found in <a href="Embedded_operating_system" title="Embedded operating system">embedded operating systems</a>: concurrency, dependability from resource exhaustion, fault isolation, memory efficiency, and application updates at runtime.

The operating system is also customizable to run on different platforms and scheduling modules.<sup id="cite_ref-u790_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-u790-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development_and_release">Development and release</h2></div>

<ul><li>On May 9, 2016, Tock was released at the OSDI conference. This was the first version of Tock.</li>

<li>On February 13, 2018, Tock 1.0 was released. This was the first <a href="Rolling_release" title="Rolling release">rolling release</a>, which added support for nRF and TM4C series chips. Also included were some driver libraries that supported the 1.0 version system call interface.</li>

<li>On April 25, 2018, version 1.1 was released. It included a new register interface and automatic deep sleep for most <a href="SAM4L" class="mw-redirect" title="SAM4L">SAM4L</a> peripherals.</li>

<li>On November 30, 2018, Tock 1.3 was released. This version added support for Tock to run on non-<a href="Cortex-M" class="mw-redirect" title="Cortex-M">Cortex-M</a> platforms and an interface for the operating system to send and receive <a href="User_Datagram_Protocol" title="User Datagram Protocol">UDP</a> packets.</li>

<li>Tock version 1.4 was released on October 18, 2019 and included support for <a href="RISC-V" title="RISC-V">RISC-V</a> architectures.</li>

<li>On April 30, 2020, Tock version 1.5 was released. It included new features to remove unsafe from TBF parsing in the kernel and added generic components.</li>

<li>Version 1.6 was released on October 23, 2020. This version added a scheduler trait, added support for four new boards, and included support for <a href="UART" class="mw-redirect" title="UART">UART</a> over <a href="USB" title="USB">USB</a>.</li>

<li>On August 27, 2021, rolling version 2.0 was released. It added two new system calls: <i>AllowReadOnly</i> and <i>Exit</i>. Tock 2.0 also required that apps be compiled for the new <a href="Syscall" class="mw-redirect" title="Syscall">syscall</a> interface.</li>

<li>Tock 2.1 was released on September 7, 2022. Version 2.1 included support for new HILs and boards, bugfixes, and a new system call interface.</li>

<li>On January 6, 2023, version 2.1.1 was released. It fixed an issue related to system call errors.<sup id="cite_ref-h230_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h230-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2></div>

<p>Tock has been received well by the <a href="Microcontroller" title="Microcontroller">microcontroller</a> community and has over 190 <a href="Open_source" title="Open source">open source</a> contributors as of October 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-q231_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-q231-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-d626_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d626-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, the Ti50 firmware on the Google Security Chip (GSC) in Chromebooks started using Tock.<sup id="cite_ref-ti50_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ti50-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft's <a href="Microsoft_Pluton" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Pluton">Pluton</a> root-of-trust chip also uses Tock.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Google uses Tock for their OpenSK security key implementation.<sup id="cite_ref-z844_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-z844-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">Embedded system</a></li>

<li><a href="Microcontroller" title="Microcontroller">Microcontroller</a></li>

<li><a href="Internet_of_Things" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet of Things">Internet of Things</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ll.mit.edu/partner-us/available-technologies/tock-port-risc-v">"Tock Port to RISC-V"</a>. <i>MIT Lincoln Laboratory</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-12</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-x86-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-x86_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://world.tockos.org/tockworld7/agenda/">"Agenda Tock World 7"</a>. Tock Foundation. <q>One of our SoC partners has chosen to implement Pluton using an embedded-class x86 core. To support this platform, our team created a port of Tock OS for the x86 architecture.</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-s228-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-s228_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usenix.org/system/files/login/articles/login_spring17_06_interview_levy.pdf">"Interview with Amit Levy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-12</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-w844-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-w844_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLevyCampbellGhenaGiffin2017" class="citation conference cs1">Levy, Amit; Campbell, Bradford; Ghena, Branden; Giffin, Daniel B.; Leonard, Shane; Pannuto, Pat; Dutta, Prabal; Levis, Philip (2017-11-06). "The Tock Embedded Operating System". <i>Proceedings of the 15th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems</i>. New York, NY, USA: ACM. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>2. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F3131672.3136988">10.1145/3131672.3136988</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4503-5459-2</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apriorit.com/dev-blog/195-simple-driver-for-linux-os">"Linux Device Drivers: Linux Driver Development Tutorial"</a>. <i>Apriorit</i>. 2020-09-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-12-30</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-design-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-design_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tockos.org/documentation/design">"Tock Operating System Design"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-a448-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-a448_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sing.stanford.edu/site/publications/levy17-tock.pdf">"Multiprogramming a 64 kB Computer Safely and Efficiently"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-12</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-e909-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e909_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/255951/255951.pdf">"Abstraction Layers and Energy Efficiency in Tock, a Rust-based Runtime for the Internet of Things"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-12</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-u790-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-u790_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osrtos.com/rtos/tock/">"Tock"</a>. <i>OSRTOS</i>. 12 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-12</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-h230-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-h230_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCase2023" class="citation web cs1">Case, Use (2023-01-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/tock/tock/releases">"Releases · tock/tock"</a>. <i>GitHub</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-12</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-q231-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-q231_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osnews.com/story/139861/tock-a-secure-embedded-operating-system-for-microcontrollers/">"Tock: a secure embedded operating system for microcontrollers – OSnews"</a>. <i>OSnews</i>. 2024-06-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-12</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-d626-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-d626_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREF(CNXSoft)2018" class="citation web cs1">(CNXSoft), Jean-Luc Aufranc (2018-02-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnx-software.com/2018/02/13/tock-open-source-os-for-secure-iot-systems-runs-on-arm-cortex-m-microcontrollers/">"Tock Open Source OS for Secure IoT Systems Runs on Arm Cortex-M Microcontrollers"</a>. <i>CNX Software - Embedded Systems News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-12</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-ti50-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ti50_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromiumos/platform/ec/+/gsc_utils/docs/ti50_firmware_releases.md">"Ti50 Firmware Releases"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-19</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://world.tockos.org/tockworld7/agenda/">"Agenda Tock World 7"</a>. Tock Foundation. <q>The SoC partners have some flexibility in dictating how the Pluton core is implemented, however Microsoft owns the firmware and has chosen to use Tock OS as a common platform for (nearly) all Pluton firmware deliverables.</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-z844-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-z844_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://security.googleblog.com/2020/01/say-hello-to-opensk-fully-open-source.html">"Say hello to OpenSK: a fully open-source security key implementation"</a>. <i>Google Online Security Blog</i>. 2020-01-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-06</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tockos.org/">Official website</a></span></span></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/tock/tock">tock</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-17" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Tock_(operating_system)&oldid=1296008174">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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